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The Scalpel and the Butterfly:The War Between Animal Research and Animal ProtectionBy Deborah Rudacille
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An engrossing and eloquent study of the history and ethics of animal experimentation
The heart of a pig may soon beat in a human chest. Sheep, cattle, and mice have been cloned. Slowly but inexorably scientists are learning how to transfer tissues, organs, and DNA between species. Some think this research is moving too far, too fast, without adequate discussion of possible consequences: Is it ethical to breed animals for spare parts? When does the cost in animal life and suffering outweigh the potential benefit to humans?
In precise and elegant prose, The Scalpel and the Butterfly explores the ongoing struggle between the promise offered by new research and the anxiety about safety and ethical implications in the context of the conflict between experimental medicine and animal protection that dates back to the mid-nineteenth century. Deborah Rudacille offers a compelling and cogent look at the history of this divisive topic, from the days of Louis Pasteur and the founding of organized antivivisection in England to the Nazi embrace of eugenics, from animal rights to the continuing war between PETA and biomedical researchers, and the latest developments in replacing, reducing, and refining animal use for research and testing.
- Sales Rank: #2471070 in Books
- Published on: 2000-09-26
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.24" h x 6.28" w x 9.24" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 320 pages
Amazon.com Review
Biological experimentation, writes science journalist Deborah Rudacille, has long been the province of a scientific elite that has not much cared to explain its work to the larger public. That public, she continues, has responded with a kind of don't-ask, don't-tell policy "whereby society will permit animal experimentation--and certain types of research on human subjects--as long as it is protected from the details." With the rise of the Animal Liberation Movement and PETA, however, that unstated policy has increasingly come into question, and research scientists have found it ever more difficult to employ animals (or humans, for that matter) in their work.
In her engaged and illuminating study of these clashing sensibilities, Rudacille ponders troubling questions. Does an elevation in the moral status of animals, she asks, necessarily mean degradation in the moral status of human beings? (Certainly, she responds, this appears to have been the case under Nazi Germany.) Is the killing of laboratory animals--nearly 10,000 in the case of the Salk vaccine against polio--justifiable in the face of the human lives that can be saved? Is it ethical to use the mentally ill as research subjects in studies that may yield cures for their illness? Philosophical landmines surround every attempt at an answer, and Rudacille takes pains to consider all sides of these and kindred issues. Her thoughtful work should provoke reflection and discussion. --Gregory McNamee
From Publishers Weekly
In this cautious, useful survey, Rudacille, a former writer and editor at the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, seeks a middle ground between biomedical researchers who defend animal experimentation as a necessary trade-off for potential benefits to humankind, and animal rights activists who would abolish such research. She begins with a lively account of the 19th-century antivivisection movements in Britain and the U.S., in which women figured prominently, then takes a side trip through Nazi Germany, where a ban on vivisection (perversely considered an aspect of mechanistic "Jewish" science) went hand in hand with appalling medical abuses, including eugenic sterilization, euthanasia and experimentation on human subjects. She provides in-depth profiles of animal rights pioneer Henry Spira and PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) cofounders Alex Pacheco and Ingrid Newkirk. The absolutist tactics of the most visible, extremist critics of animal research, such as the Animal Liberation Front, whose members vandalize laboratories, have greatly diminished the moral legitimacy of their cause in the eyes of the public, according to Rudacille. She commends reform efforts in Europe, particularly in Great Britain, where stringent governmental oversight mandates a "cost-benefit analysis" for each animal experiment as a prerequisite to approval. Rudacille notes that in America (the world's largest user of lab animals), new technologiesAsuch as organ transplants from animal donors to humansAhave sparked intense debate over the ethics of biotechnology and its impact on society; she urges a tandem public debate on how these technologies affect animal welfare, not just human. (Sept.)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
Rudacille, a former research writer and editor at the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, gives a balanced and detailed history of the conflict between anti-vivisectionists and research scientists. She begins with French physician Claude Bernard, whose influential textbook, Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, is credited with the rapid spread of animal experimentation in the late 19th century. Rudacille then documents the rise of the animal welfare movement in Britain and the United States and legislation designed to govern the use of animals in research. Readers are introduced to the major animal rights players (Henry Spira, Ingrid Newkirk, Alex Pacheco) and organizations (Humane Society of the Unites States, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and Animal Liberation Front). The author also discusses the Nazi "science" of eugenics and explores the ethical implications of such new scientific developments as xenotransplantation (transplanting body parts between species). Her well researched and -documented account is written for a general audience and deserves a wide readership.
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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